The Math Skills Of Asian Children - 2258 Words

Abstract Nowadays, many people know about the superiority of the math skills of Asian children. According to the 2012 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), top five countries that do well in mathematics are China, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, and Korea. All of them are Asian countries (Weisenthal, 2013). [Context] Asian people are statistically better in mathematics, especially in terms of mathematics calculation. However, researchers in non-Asian countries tend to get more achievements in research mathematics. [Subject] Researches in pure mathematics and applied mathematics are significant as mathematics can be applied in various areas, such as economics and physics. If Asian researchers’ ability in mathematical†¦show more content†¦Nowadays, researches have showed that Asian students are better at mathematics, while most non-Asian students are better at research mathematics. Although Asian people tend to perform well in math contests, they t end to be inferior in the area of research mathematics comparing with their international counterparts. This report will analyze it on many aspects and pay attention to its significance. Besides, this report will also make suggestions, in order to improve the performance in the field of mathematics for Asian students and make more contribution to the development of our countries’ science. 2. Comparison of math skills between Asian countries and non-Asian countries. In Programme For International Student Assessment, a program held by OECD, Shanghai middle school students ranks first in mathematics level test, outstripping those from other 75 countries, which is greatly admired by the British people and shocks the western world. By comparison, the rank of American is 36. Now and then, people in America calls on â€Å"saving our students, please†. Afterwards, 60 math teachers in Shanghai middle schools were invited to England to introduce their experiences in math teaching. Ranks Countries and Regions Scores 1 China( Shanghai) 613 2 Singapore 573 3 HK 561 4 Taiwan 560 5 Korea 554 6 Macao 538 7 Japan 536 ... ... ... 13 Canada 518 ... ... ... 26 United Kingdom 494 ... ... ... 36 America 481 1. A chart of

Should University Students Be Required to Attend Classes...

The transition from high school to university can be challenging for many students. Students quickly notice differences between the academic expectations of high school compared to those of universities. High school is heavily structured, students’ attendance and participation are regularly monitored, and teachers are in daily contact with them and provide regular feedback. On the contrary, university students are responsible for organising their course schedules. They are not mandated to attend lectures regularly and professors do not monitor their attendance in the majority of the courses. Additionally, assignments and tests are the only source of feedback. Students experience a higher level of discretion and freedom in universities.†¦show more content†¦In fact, they can make a good use of the money that they have paid to the university. Furthermore, they have to understand that if their parents are paying their tuition they will have certain expectations from the m too. None of the parents would want their children to misuse their money by not performing well at university or not attending their classes. The same thing is with the government loans, they also have some rules set and any of the students do not do well they can detect money from them. For example, if a student fails his or her classes she or he will not be able to get loans from the government. When a student won’t be able to receive money from government and nor their families can afford to pay for them it will be hard for students to continue their education. Therefore, they become financially responsible and do their best to not lose the chance of continuing their education. Students work hard and put lots of effort into gaining admission to the university. University students are adults and because of that they are expected to be present in classes and get the assignments done on time. They have got one shot to do well in order to have a bright future. By attending classes students will be more likely to perform well academically. In many cases, much of the exam is based on the lectures. If they do not attend classes their progress and performance will suffer. Possibly, students will not be able to have great achievements at the end ofShow MoreRelatedCollege Athletes Should Not Be Exempt from Regular Class Attendance Policies875 Words   |  4 PagesMany college athletes miss classes because of practice, competition and from exhaustion. For those reasons, supporters argue for exemption of athletes from class attendance policies. Others argue that college athletes are given scholarships to attend college to play sports. On the contrary, the focus of colleges is educating students. The question is, should colleges athletes be exempt from the class attendance requirements? The answer is no and here is why. First, the education of athletesRead MoreFice Of Distance Education1121 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter by doing them, or through other medium such as music. How you learn can determine what style of school you should attend. The Ohio State University would be a traditional classroom setting, whereas the University of Phoenix would be considered an online school (University of Phoenix ). There are abounding benefits for each of these styles of learning. The Ohio State University should become a blended school in order to capitalize on the strengths of both forms of schooling, and recently they haveRead MoreSchools Need Advanced Classes At Stephenson High School1077 Words   |  5 PagesNEED ADVANCED CLASSES Reaching my full potential and being all I can be is something that I take pride in. â€Å"Free the child s potential, and you will transform him into the world.† Giving students the keys to success is something that schools should not only be required to do but also strive to do. Schools should not have the right to hold academically advanced kids back. All schools should be required to offer the same amount of advanced classes, such as honors classes, AP classes, or even foreignRead MoreThe National Collegiate Athletic Association1346 Words   |  6 Pagesin affiliated universities and colleges across the United States. The N.C.A.A. is the association charged with developing and implementing policies regarding athletics in colleges and universities. With such a role, the association is mandated to specify the minimum academic requirements for a student to participate in any sporting activity. The association claims that it aims at creating a balance between sport and ed ucation. The heart of the association s mission is student-athlete successRead More attendace is it necessary? Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesway the student looks for flaws in the teaching style instead of embracing it. Also I will explain that in certain places across the country that certain teaching styles are easier to students in certain environments. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In my early years at school there are many different teaching styles that I encountered. First being the large lecture hall, then the small freshman writing classes, the hands on theatre classes and the many other different style and size classes. The largerRead MoreThe University Of North Carolina At Wilmington1315 Words   |  6 Pageseducation and attend college. My goal is to not be a part of this statistic. After I graduate from Wayne Early Middle College High School with my high school diploma and my two-year Associate in Science degree, I hope to transfer to the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. According to newly released facts by the Business Journal, the University of North Carolina at Wilmington was ranked as one of the top 50 business schools in the nation. This influences my desire to attend even more as IRead MoreIs The N.c.a.a Doing For Protect Academic Integrity?1368 Words   |  6 Pagesin affiliated universities and colleges acro ss the United States. The N.C.A.A. is the association charged with developing and implementing policies regarding athletics in colleges and universities. With such a role, the association is mandated to specify the minimum academic requirements for a student to participate in any sporting activity. The association claims that it aims at creating a balance between sport and education. The heart of the association s mission is student-athlete successRead MoreIs The N.c.a.a Doing For Protect Academic Integrity?1330 Words   |  6 Pagesin affiliated universities and colleges across the United States. The N.C.A.A. is the association charged with developing and implementing policies regarding athletics in colleges and universities. With such a role, the association is mandated to specify the minimum academic requirements for a student to participate in any sporting activity. The association claims that it aims at creating a balance between sport and education. The heart of the a ssociation s mission is student-athlete successRead MoreOnline vs. Traditional Education Compare/Contrast Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesThe process of selecting a university can be frustrating and overwhelming for students especially when assessing the variables, and searching through the extent of attainable information. Before choosing a university to attend, students must first consider an online or traditional university. With the rising costs of education, more students are choosing an online university. â€Å"In 2007–08, about 4.3 million undergraduate students, or 20 percent of all undergraduates, took at least one distance educationRead MoreEssay on Teacher’s Paychecks Should Reflect their Importance1126 Words   |  5 PagesTeacher’s Paychecks Should Reflect their Importance The public education system in the United States is a very important institution for our nations youth. In most states, children are required by law to attend public school, unless they are home-schooled, until the age of sixteen. At the age of sixteen, students are entitled, though certainly not encouraged, to leave the public school system if they wish. Public school teachers are asked to account for and educate all of these students, and teachers

The role of humor in conveying a spiritual message Free Essays

Humor appears as an important component of literature, since it provides stress-coping strategies and mocks misdemeanor, conveying hypertextual spiritual or moral messages and appealing to human cognition as well as to emotion. The paper is designed to discuss the role of humor in illustrating genuine spirituality and virtuousness, in particular, in Boccaccio’s ‘The Decameron’. The Decameron presents an integrative perspective of social ethos, primarily – through questioning the existing values and seeking alternatives. We will write a custom essay sample on The role of humor in conveying a spiritual message or any similar topic only for you Order Now Morality and spirituality are not necessarily described as dogmas, but rather as the main way of handling unfavorable situations and liberating from burdening conditions. Boccaccio finds that the most convenient and reliable method of proving the necessity of empirical application of universal human values is approaching to social pathology from opposite. The narrators, day by day, demonstrate that deception and trickery either bring additional problems directly to an individual or simply turn into absurd or ridiculous tale. For instance, the fourth tale, narrated on the first day, depicts the divergence between the ‘holiness’ of clergymen and their factual behavior, which is far from ideal (Boccaccio, 2004). The monk is caught sinning, that is to say, his sin deserves the most severe punishment, but the protagonist manages to get rid of any responsibility, putting the blame upon the abbot. On the one hand, the reader is really amazed by the character’s inventiveness, but viewing the situation more broadly, it is possible to presume that the situation itself is extremely awkward, so it would be more reasonable to avoid it through following ethical principles, established for the certain social group. In psychological terms, this technique is known as behavioral learning – i.e. the reader, instead of learning the actual patterns of valued behavior, gets the knowledge about devaluated actions, which merit societal censure. Another prominent example of conveying spiritual message through using humor is the third situation, presented on the third day. In this story the young woman, enamored of a man, creates the conditions, in which she can gratify her feeling through misusing the principles of holy confession (Boccaccio, 2004). In this sense, the protagonist naturally abuses the religious fundamentalism, but this bold actions seems to be favored by the narrator and the author, since in spite of the comic and to some extent unpleasant circumstances, in which she throws her beloved, her cunning plan finally allows her to reveal her true feelings, which indicates that the rules and social bonds are powerless against the really strong feeling and that spirituality can sometimes neglect strict and rigid societal norms. The tenth novel of the third day (ibid) continues the anti-Catholic epopee, as it narrates about the abuse of celibacy. Its humorous tone, however, is aimed at religious dogmas cannot hide or inhibit the real human nature – in this sense, the story demonstrates the faultiness of clerical institution and therefore offers social norms concerning marriage as an alternative to religious dogmas, which appear as theatrical performance (‘putting the Devil into the hell’). More interestingly, the second novel of the fourth day provides the logical continuation of the topic, as it demonstrates the clear interrelation between the monk’s crime and the resulting punishment. This story logically supplements the fact that genuine morality and spirituality are rewarded through depicting the execution of punishment, deserved by genuine and absolute ‘wickedness’. Again, its humorous attitude towards the situation allows the reader to evaluate the protagonist’s action in terms of distinguishing between ‘right’ and ‘wrong’. To sum up, Boccaccio’s stories are particularly valuable in terms of conveying moral and spiritual messages, since they allows the reader to draw appropriate conclusions by him/herself through analyzing human experiences, without imposing artificial or abstractive morality. Works cited Boccaccio, G. Decameron, 2004. How to cite The role of humor in conveying a spiritual message, Essay examples

Academic Writing for Journal of Food and Culture -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAcademic Writing for Journal of Food and Culture. Answer: Text 1: Text 1 Your summary of the main (overall) argument What points are used to support the main argument? What evidence is used to substantiate these supporting points? Tibbetts, J 2015, 'Freegans risk the hazards of dumpster diving', Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 185, no. 7, pp. 282-283. The chief argument of this article is whether dumpster diving is harmful for health or not. According to Quincy Brandt, who frequently undergoes dumpster diving for consuming priced objects like fancy cheeses, king crab legs and others, he has never gone through any illness due to dumpster diving. Along with young people who perform the act of dumpster diving for consuming prised food free of cost or for environmental good, several individuals are compelled perform dumpster diving due to financial insufficiency. While according to several physicians dumpster diving posses the potential to make individuals severely ill, very few cases are of illness due to dumpster diving are reported. According to Jim Chan, a public health official, dumpster divers unwillingness to report their illness is the chief reason behind lack of record of illness due to the mentioned act. According to Jim Chan and Eskow, dumpster diving has severe health risks. Heath risk of people who consume food from dumpster due to lack of money is much greater compared to other dumpster divers. People must have a reason for dumping food. Majority of chances are there that the food is defected. According to Thomas kerr, several diseases ranging from stomach upset, sprained ankles to fatal infection due to cuts are reported due to dumpster food consumption by poor individuals. Unlike other dumpster divers, homeless people are unable to wear protective gear or wash their food while dumpster diving and hence has greater tendency of falling ill. Text 2: Text 2 Your summary of the main (overall) argument What points are used to support the main argument? What evidence is used to substantiate these supporting points? Perera, C 2017, 'I am not buying things': why some people see 'dumpster diving' as the ethical way to eat',The Conversation, viewed 4February 2018, https://theconversation.com/i-am-not-buying-things-why-some-people-see-dumpster-diving-as-the-ethical-way-to-eat-86536. The chief argument of this article is that dumpster diving is an act that highlight the wastage of food by the food market of Australia. Considering the fact that approximately 20 billion dollars of edible food is wasted every year in Australia, a good number of citizens in Australia are considering dumpster diving to be one of the most effective way to reduce the huge amount of food wastage. In spite of the fact that, by dumpster diving, the divers are able to obtain edible foods free of cost, according to several dumpster diver, it is not the only reason behind dumpster diving. According to several interviewees, two of the chief reasons behind their act is environmental betterment and opposing the unsustainable food production. Other dumpster divers states that dumpster diving make them feel that they are bringing a positive change to the environment and thus generates a feeling of satisfaction. Some individuals find this act fun since they find dumpster diving similar to a treasur e hunting act. While some of the food chain retailers are supporting the act of dumpster diving, according to a majority of retailers, dumpster diving should be banned since it can cause serious injury due to consumption of unsafe food materials. According to some retailers, dumpster diving should be declared as an illegal act as it is similar to stealing. While dumpster diving cannot be considered as the ultimate remedy to food wastage, in order to completely eradicate food wastage, everybody, starting from retailers to consumers have a role to play. Both retailers and consumers should buy visually imperfect food materials to stop food wastage. Majority of the interviewees considers dumpster diving as an effective way to reduce waste, oppose the unsustainable food market of Australia and to create a sense of community. However, according to a good number of retailers, dumpster diving should be declared illegal and unsafe. The fact that a vegetables and fruits which are visually imperfect are not bought by the retailers and are thrown away eventually can be considered as an evidence for supporting dumpster diving. . Topic sentence: Dumpster diving though have a noble cause, is harmful for health. Supporting points: In spite of the fact that Freegans that is a mixture of free and vegan, have uplifted the concept of dumpster diving, which was initially looked down upon, several health risks has been encountered due to the act of dumpster diving. Every year, approximately 5.4 million Australians are found to be affected of food poisoning due to consumption of bacterial contaminated food. Mere washing of food picked up from dumpster, is often found to be not enough to remove the bacterial contamination (Vinegar, Parker and McCourt 2016). Especially during the summer, the foods inside the dumpster along with the dumpster itself grow bacteria. Risk of food getting rotten in the dumpster is also there. Pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella, Listeria an E. coli can breed in dumpster food during summer. Dumpster themselves breed bacteria and pests that include roaches, rodents and flies. Along with that, dumpster food can get in contact with chemicals as well as human and animal wastes like fecal matter a nd excretion. Other reasons behind throwing away foods by shoppers include the food has got spoiled or rotten. Researchers found that homeless individuals who consume food from dumpster are subjected to illness more than dumpster divers who are performing the act for environmental betterment (Lindeman 2012). Chief reasons behind that is, like other divers, they are unable to wear protective gears while diving into the dumpsters. Dumpsters often contain sharp materials like broken glasses and knife which may cause serious injury. Besides that, since they dont have a proper residence, they are unable to wash the food properly before consuming. Since the immunity system of homeless people is generally weaker than that of the other dumpster divers, homeless individuals are more prone to illness due to dumpster diving compared to other divers. Horrible infections due to cuts, ankle sprain and fatal stomach problems are not uncommon among homeless and financially weak individuals. Unfortunately these individuals are unlikely to seek medical treatment and as a result, evidence for illness due to dum pster diving are not enough to stop the mentioned act. While homeless individual do not report their illness due to lack of money, several dumpster divers do not disclose dumpster diving as the reason behind their illness due status issues. Considering the fact that dumpster diving can be harmful for the health of dumpster divers, alternative ways should be focused in order to deal with the issue of huge food wastage in Australia. An effective way to eradicate food wastage by the retailers and consumers is by increasing awareness among them. The government should organize campaigns and surveys in order to enhance awareness among the citizens and food retailers of Australia. Participation of each and every individual in the society is needed to stop the huge wastage of food. Retailers should not reject buying visually imperfect food from farmers (Thompson 2012). They should optimize their supply chain and reduce the amount of display food. Apart from that, foods which are approaching expiry date needs to be heavily discounted or donated to various charities present in Australia. While retailers should take the above mentioned steps, consumers should also contribute to the noble act of irradiating wastage of food by not r ejecting visually imperfect vegetables and fruits and by ordering only that amount of food which he or she is able to consume. Conclusion Sentence: Alternative ways of eradicating wastage of food should be focused on instead of dumpster diving. Reference list: Lindeman, S 2012. Trash eaters.Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture,12(1), pp.75-82. Perera, C 2017, 'I am not buying things': why some people see 'dumpster diving' as the ethical way to eat',The Conversation, viewed 4February 2018, https://theconversation.com/i-am-not-buying-things-why-some-people-see-dumpster-diving-as-the-ethical-way-to-eat-86536. Thompson, S.J., 2012. Traumatic stress among homeless young adults: Challenges and treatment issues.J Trauma Stress Disor Treat 1,1, p.2. Tibbetts, J 2015, 'Freegans risk the hazards of dumpster diving', Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 185, no. 7, pp. 282-283. Vinegar, R., Parker, P. and McCourt, G., 2016. More than a response to food insecurity: demographics and social networks of urban dumpster divers.Local Environment,21(2), pp.241-253.

Government Censorship Essays - Content-control Software,

Government Censorship Thesis: Government Censorship would damage the atmosphere of the freedom to express ideas on the Internet; therefore, government should not encourage censorship. Introduction I. In the Internet community, there is a large volume of technical terms. For this reason, it is first necessary to examine the terminology specific to Internet. 1.The internet is a world wide computer network. 1.Electronic mail (email), which is one component of the Internet, approximates person to person letters, memoranda, notes and even phone calls. 2.Another term that is often used is electronic news (enews/Usenet), enews is a broadcast, free to the Internet medium. 3.The term FTP is also frequently used. File transfer protocol (FTP) started as an Internet archival and retrieval medium, somewhat analogous to traditional libraries. 4.The world-wide web (WWW), which is another component of the Net, can be used to publish material that would traditionally appear in journals, magazines, posters, books, television and even on film. 2.It is also essential to give a brief history on the internet. 3.The U.S. government is now trying to pass bills to prevent misuse of the Net. II. In order to understand the need for the ever-growing body of legislation, it is important to explore the controversy, and the current problems involved with the Net as it exists must be introduced. 1.The problem that concerns most people is offensive materials such as pornography. 2.Another crucial internet crime is the stealing of credit card numbers. III. One reaction to this inapplicability has been the Censor the Net approach (the censorship bill), we are now to compare its advantages and disadvantages. 1.First, the meaning of Censoring the Net must be explained. 2.However, many experts have pointed out that government censorship is not possible. 1.First, it is not fair to exclude the freedom and damage the atmosphere of freely expressing ideas just for the safety of children. 2.Most internet users are enjoying their freedom of speech on the Net, which is supposed to be protected by our First Amendment. 3.Additionally, only a very small portion of the Net contains offensive material, most people do not use the Net for pornography. 4.It must be understood that censoring the Net is technically impossible. 5.While people are concerned about Internet pornography, it should be recognized that pornography is sometimes legal; for example, pornography is legal in video and magazines. IV. There are many alternative measures to government censorship which would prevent misuse of the Net and would have the same effects as censorship. 1.It is very important for parents to provide moral guidance for their children, and parents should have this responsibility. 2.However, at the same time as we carry out moral guidance, we have to come out with some short term approaches to solve the problem in a more efficient way as well. 3.An alternative to government censorship is the technological fix, which would prevent misuse of the Net and would have the same effects as government censorship. 1.One example of technological fix is the SurfWatch software. 2.Also, commercial Internet service providers, such as America Online, allow parents to control what Internet relay chat (IRC) sessions are available to their children. 3.Another technological fix is for parents and guardians to have a separate proxy server for their children's web browser. 4.There are no computer programs to automatically and reliably classify material; only people can do it. As a result, while practicing technological fixes, the classification of the contents of the material when posting is very important. 5.Nowadays, most internet users classify their postings with standard categories, and leave signatures at the end of postings. 6.The combination of the installation of censoring software and the classification of materials is a much better solution than government censorship. Conclusion Bibliography The Internet is a wonderful place of entertainment and education but like all places used by millions of people, it has some murky corners people would prefer children not to explore. In the physical world society as a whole conspires to protect children, but there are no social or physical constraints to Internet surfing. The Internet Censorship Bill of 1995, also known as the Exon/Coats Communications Decency Act, has been introduced in the U.S. Congress. It would make it a criminal offense to make available to children anything that is indecent, or to send anything indecent with intent to annoy, abuse, threaten, or harass (Stop the Communications ... n.p.). The goal of this bill as written (though not

Essay on Philosophy Aristotle

Essay on Philosophy Aristotle Essay on Philosophy Aristotle Essay on Philosophy AristotleAccording to Aristotle, a human being behaves morally and reaches eudaimonia the state of human flourishing when he or she practices moral virtues. A virtue in Aristotelian sense is a specific pattern of behavior, a tendency to think, desire, act and feel in an appropriate, harmonious way (Mosser, 2013). Different philosophers defined virtues in different ways; in particular, Aristotle in his Nichomachean Ethics defined virtue as the optimal middle between an overly expressed trait and a lack of that trait (Mosser, 2013). Furthermore, Aristotle emphasized that a virtue was not merely an average point between the two extremes, rather it was a weighed choice of behavior according to the time, situation and circumstances (Warburton, 2004).In my opinion, two key virtues that are important to living a successful life are confidence and courage. Confidence forms the basis on ones life and shapes self-perception of an individual, perception of this individual by others and the alignment between these perceptions. The person who has confidence objectively perceives own self with all positive and negative sides and strives to reduce negative aspects while enhancing positive characteristics. Someone who lacks confidence might be either overly self-focused and arrogant, or self-humiliating. In both cases, it is not possible to flourish without confidence because social relationships will be distorted.With regard to courage, the characteristic behavior of a courageous person is taking risks and responsibility when it is appropriate and avoiding unnecessary or excess risks or responsibilities. Someone who lacks courage cannot flourish because he or she might miss new opportunities and might be vulnerable to aggression and impudence. Those people who are too courageous and take all risks without consideration also cannot flourish since they will sooner or later make damage to themselves due to such risk-taking.Therefore, confidence can be viewe d as a harmonious balance between conceit and self-deprecation, and courage can be viewed as the middle between cowardice and recklessness. These conclusions support Aristotles concepts of virtues as the golden mean between the lack of certain quality and the excess of this quality.

Globalisation Friendly Policies of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Globalisation Friendly Policies of China - Essay Example The economic part of globalization is the key because with the whole world becoming a kind of global village, barriers between the countries are broken with integration happening mainly in the economic aspects. So, Globalisation has made an impact and developing majority of the countries all over the world including China. That is, countries like China are following many ‘globalisation friendly’ policies, thereby developing themselves, and to show they are developing, they, in turn, are impacting other countries through that development. When one closely looks at the annals of many countries, it will be clear that for a nation to develop and reach the top echelons, particularly in the aspect of giving its people the needed facilities and also to achieve superiority over other nations, its economy should be very strong and still growing. This economic strength will elevate the country in other aspects of military strength, space power, sports, etc, etc, thereby impacting other countries. As any country’s economy cannot exist like an island insulated from any impacts, its growth or lack of growth will surely have an impact on many countries both in the positive as well as in the negative direction. So, this paper will examine how China has developed optimally through ‘globalisation friendly’ policies, and how that development is visible in the way the Chinese economy and its people have developed, and also how this development of China is turning out to be an economic challenge to the United States and Europe. For a long time, China mainly depended on agriculture for its economic generation as well as for the livelihood of its people. However, after the onset of globalization, China started to focus on industrial growth.  

How the USA Patriot Act Effect Law Enforcement Research Paper

How the USA Patriot Act Effect Law Enforcement - Research Paper Example This illustrates that the USA Patriot Act is aimed at enforcing the law enforcement agencies by enabling them to be in a position to competently deal with terrorism attempts. However, enormous debate has revolved as pertains to whether the USA Patriot Act positively or negatively effects the law enforcement. It is with this regard that the thesis statement that this paper seeks to affirm is that the Patriot Act is designed to offer positive benefits to the goals of law enforcement and federal intelligence agencies that protect the American populations (Van Cleef 73). Topic sentence 1: Withstanding the presumed negatives that have come with intelligence investigation after the passing of the Patriot Act, surveillance strategies are actually necessary for securing the public welfare. The patriot Act is mainly aimed at protecting the nationals of the United States against terrorist attacks and surveillance form the enforcement agencies. Surveillance intelligence has widely been reviewed in the case of Mayfield following the terrorist Act and was typically depicted as Patriot Act on trial in the Nation Newspaper. This was a case that took shape in March 2004 where intelligence surveillance after conducting investigations, the FBI concluded that following the cross matching of partial finger prints in one of the bomb detonator bags, it matched that of Mayfield and he was arrested. His arrest was affirmed by in depth investigations that revealed that he was a Muslim convert and had been involved in a movement of Taliban’s that had wanted to go to Afghanistan to fight against the United States (Sarasohn 1). However, Mayfield being an attorney knew that the United States had no charges against him and being a citizen of the United States, challenged his arrest and conviction on the wake of the Patriot Act. This led to his release following additional surveillance that revealed that he was not the perpetrator behind the terrorism attack. This led Mayfield to chal lenge the protection assured by the Patriot Act since he affirmed that his protection, safety and privacy had been violated by the enforcement agencies during the investigations. The Mayfield trial is a clear indication of the effect the Patriot Act has on law enforcement especially with reference to intelligence investigations. Consequently, surveillance strategies depicted in the Patriot Act and Mayfield trial, affirm that the Patriot Act is indeed aimed at securing the public welfare. This therefore affirms the thesis statement that the Patriot Act is designed to offer positive benefits to the goals of law enforcement and federal intelligence agencies that protect the American populations (Sarasohn 1). Topic sentence 2: Patriot Act makes it possible for law officers to conduct search and seizure procedures without first notifying the individuals involved. Patriot Act of the United States gives law enforcement officers the mandate to seizure and act without warning in terrorist at tempts. This gives the law enforcement officers an upper hand in the investigations and especially in the financial sector which has become a major terrorist avenue. The Patriot Act has provisions that enable the treasury to secure its finances by implementing anti-money launder mechanisms. These are

International Tourism Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Tourism Development - Essay Example Organizations like the WTO (World Tourism Organization) and WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council) are aimed at regularizing and streamlining international tourism in all aspects. International tourism is revered as one of the fastest growing economic sector of the present day world, one of the largest export earners and a very crucial source of employment. In not only ushers in newer opportunities for the local people, but also generates substantial revenues. Recognizing these strengths of international tourism most of the organizations work towards bringing in coherence amongst various governments and local bodies and encourage them to play a more active role in promoting international tourism. In the business oriented world, tourism has almost become synonymous with trade. Whenever a tourism based activity is initiated, it generates trade in some form or the other. To further capitalize on this financial aspect of tourism, various strategies and policies are being adopted by various international organizations. In this regard the WTO releases annual reports on Tourism Market Trends reports which analyze global tourism results and their impact on a country's economy. Acute attention is given to various tourism products like special events, cruises, sports, ecotourism etc. to comprehensively analyze annual tourism trend of a particular country and its effect on the local as well as global trade. A special theory called PEST analysis is often implemented to assess a country's market potential. PEST analysis means adjudging a place on various aspects such as Political factors, Economical factors, Socio-cultural factors and Technological factors. Stability of the government or polity in a country, its economical status, its social and cultural setup and its technological background , all have a vital role to play in determining a country's tourism potential. As today's largest and fastest growing industry international tourism holds immense potential for unprecedented economic boom, globally. It has not only enhanced global trade and generation of revenue but has also given rise to novel ways of economic growth, especially to the developing countries. International tourism organizations are now working towards bringing in symmetry to the whole concept and to achieve global economical growth and prosperity through it. Answer 2: International tourism is present days' fastest growing economic sector and hence its continuous development and regularization is indispensable. Apart from generating huge tax revenue, this industry is also a vital source of foreign exchange and employment. Hence it becomes imperative for any nation to pay acute attention towards development and maintenance of its tourism resources. Tourism stakeholders play a vital role in shaping and sustaining tourism of any place. Tourism stakeholders could be any government or private body engaged in some form of tourism activity. Global tourism stakeholders may also include airports, travel agents, hotels, tour operators etc. Generically, each and every organization, which contributes towards tourism in some form, becomes its stakeholder. Tourism development is a complex activity, which not only includes tourism destinations, countries generating tourism, motivations and influences, but also relationships between people and institutions

An Architecture for Source Code Protection

An Architecture for Source Code Protection Abstract—Due to great competition in software industry the source code and binaries have to be protected. Source code available in plain form could be easily stolen and launched on any computer using IDE. We will discuss a protocol that will be used in both (single user and teaming environment) in order to provide source code protection. This would be achieved though authentication, authorization, encryption/decryption and hashing. Keywords—Encryption; Authentication; Authorization; Hashing; Source code SC; Binaries; Integrated development environment (IDE); Authentication server Ticket Granting Server (ATGS) INTRODUCTION In software industry, the most important asset of the industry is the source code of the software which is being developed. There is a lot of work that has been done in the secure communication, secure databases, and other security services in applications but the source code itself is not being protected which might result in a great financial and data loss for an organization. Due to great competition in software Industry Company coming up with new and unique ideas and launches it in the market will in return generate great revenue. So in software industry it’s just about the idea that matters. Most of the software companies don’t leak out their upcoming products until they are ready to be released in the market. Due to the importance of the idea and source code, source code theft is the biggest threat in software industry. Source code theft could be physical or via some botnet. In physical source code theft a person might get access to your system and copies the source files and takes it to his own system to recompile with the IDE. He got access to all of your work without any difficulty. The other case could be a Lab environment where many users have access to a common machine. In this situation any person logging on the system can view history in the IDE he could also access those source files if they are made available. In the second type where your competitors know the importance of your system might launch a botnet on your machine. In this ways all your important files (including source files etc) could be stolen and sent to a remote machine. The person getting access to these source files might get a great benefit from it. Our work is to encrypt these source files and binaries generated by the IDE using cryptographic technique. Because if we don’t protect the binaries, the binary could be reversed engineered to extract source code using some decompiler [1]. JAD could be used to launch a reverse engineering attack on binaries [2]. Some software’s are available in the market that encrypts your files (including source files etc) but these files have to be encrypted manually every time. Due to this extra effort people just skip it. In our model source files and binaries would be automatically encrypted whenever the user performs the Save, Save As and Execute operation. In this way the developer could pay his full attention on software development without caring about its protection. Our technique will provide confidentiality to source code and binaries, tempering of source code and idea leaking. RELATED WORK The idea of protecting source code and its binaries was influenced from some of its related work Guy-Armand Yandji, Lui Lian Hao, Amir-Eddine Youssouf, Jules Ehoussou [3] presented a model for normal file encryption and decryption. The paper describes a methodology using AES and MD5 for encrypting files. The outcome file that will as a result be hashed and strongly encrypted through the software. Xiufeng Zhang and Qiaoyan Wen [4] described the flexibility of Java language, which makes the protection become very difficult. Using decompiler [5] such as Jad we can easily extract the source code from the binary file. Therefore, any malicious users can use the anti-compiler tools to make reverse-engineering attacks. The paper presented an AOP-Based J2EE Source Code Protection technique in they gave solution to the problem that arises when encrypting J2EE applications. ByungRae Cha [6] presented a CRYPTEX model for protecting software source code. The model presented safe protection and access control of software source codes. The access control to the source code was achieved using digital certificate. The CRYPTEX consisted of software source codes and an algorithm to control access. A White Paper sponsored by CA Technologies [7] for Protecting API’s against attack and hijack presented a secure API architecture. APIs are windows into applications and as with any window an API can easily be misused. APIs put applications under the hacker mi croscope and increase attack surface on client application. So a solution was presented using SecureSpan API proxy. SVN [8] and CVS [9] are used to control versions. A version control system keeps track of all work and all changes in a set of files, and allows several developers to access them. Access to these files is controls using authentication and authorization if the files are not open source. Subversion can operate on network which will allow various people to modify and manage the same set of data. RISK FACTORS Source code is the main asset of any product, if somehow the source code is compromised the whole product get compromised. It should be necessary to become aware of the threats that are caused when source code or the binaries are compromised: Source code can be used to steal the idea behind that product and can be used to make a similar product. Source code can give attackers information about the working of your application and it will also provide him the loopholes in your application which would help him to launch attacks. Binary files can be revered engineered to generate source files using a decompiler and possible attacks could be launched by those source files. By having the source code or binaries the attacker can add some unwanted feature to that product and make that malicious product available to the public Bypass license checks (patching) in your product and make a free copy available to public. MANUALLY ENCRYPTING AND DECRYPTING You can encrypt and decrypt the source files and binaries manually using some software but in our approach the source files and binaries would be encrypted and decrypted automatically without any extra effort. Time Consuming Because we have to do encryption and decryption manually with the help of some software so existing approach might be more time consuming then ours. Purchase of extra Software We might need to purchase extra software in order to perform this encryption and decryption of source files and binaries. In our approach no extra software is required to perform this task. This would be a feature inside the IDE. More Secure Our approach is more secure than the existing one because the developer might forget to do this operation and leave the source files and binaries unencrypted. While in our approach whenever you exit the IDE the source files and binaries would be encrypted before closing IDE. In our approach developer won’t need to care about the protection of source files and binaries these would be secured automatically at backend. SOURCE CODE PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTS Our focus is on two types of source code protection environments Single User Environment Teaming Environment Single User Envirnoment In a single user environment a single user using IDE on his system would face all the challenges to the source code that we have discussed above. The Source code is stored on the local drive onto the system in plain form. Anyone getting access to that drive can misuse the source code. We have to protect this source code by providing some kind of security measures. Proposed Solution First the user will be authenticated. So when the user launches the IDE a login screen will appear he would enter his username and password if his logging for the first time he has to get registered and the hash of the password would be taken and stored with username at some secure place (i.e. database ). If his already registered the entered password has to be hashed and is compared with the hash that is already stored with a particular username. Now if the both hash match then the user would be logged in to the IDE with a particular ID as shown in figure 1. If there is some kind of error the user would be asked to re-enter again, Skip and run IDE normally or exit. Fig. 1. Authentication sequence diagram Our main emphasis would be on Save, Save As, Open and execute operations because these operations require security enforcement. Say the user tries to open an existing

Age of Enlightenment Essay -- World History, 18th century

The 18th century is referred to as the ‘Age of Enlightenment’. The trends in thought and letters from Europe to the American colonies brought a new light and attention upon mankind. This new movement described a time in Western philosophy and cultural life in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority. ‘To understand the natural world and humankinds place in it solely on the basis of reason and without turning to religious belief was the goal of the wide-ranging intellectual movement’ (Hackett). At the heart o this age, a conflict began between religion and the inquiring mind that wanted to know and understand through reason based on evidence and proof rather than belief on faith alone. Many scholars believed that this was primarily a French movement because the French culture dominated Europe and their ideas were expressed in the environment of the Parisian salon. IN my opinion, this movement was even more influential on the world because it was primarily a middle-class movement.. These pioneers labored for man in general and for humanity. This was also an era that public readings by scholars and philosophers came into existence because of increased literacy. These philosophers however, lived a very precarious life due to the fact that they did not know if they would be imprisoned or courted for their public performances. The analytical methods of Newtonian physics placed its stamp on the Enlightenment Era. Order and regularity came from the analysis of observed facts. The new ideal of knowledge was simply a further development of the 17th century logic and science with a new emphasis on; 1. The particular rather than the general. 2. Observable facts rather than principles. 3. Experience ra... ... because human beings are more willing to question their belief systems now and that is thanks to the Age of Enlightenment. I believe the most important issues involving the Enlightenment period was the recognition of the middle class. Most of the influential people of the period were from the working class. The rise in literacy gave the middle class more opportunities to spread their wings and become an influential voice in society. References Copestone, Frederick., A History of Philosophy. London. Search, 1946.Print. Roman, Chris. A World of Ideas. New York. Palatine. 1999.Print Thackeray, Frank. Events that Changed the World in the Eighteenth Century. Westport. Greenwood Press.1998. Print. World History Project. World History International. 1995-2006. Web. 19 Dec. 2010 Rempel, Gerhard, Western New England College. 2007.Web. 19 Dec 2010